ТРИПТОФАН: КЛЮЧЕВОЙ МЕТАБОЛИТ ГОМЕОСТАЗА И РЕГУЛЯТОР ФУНКЦИЙ ОРГАНИЗМА
Аннотация
Введение. Триптофан – незаменимая аминокислота, которая содержится в основном в белковой пище и его доступность во многом зависит от рациона питания. Значительная часть триптофана метаболизируется в желудочно-кишечном тракте микробиотой кишечника, образуя ряд биологически активных молекул, включая лиганды арилуглеводородного рецептора, кинуренины, серотонин (5-гидрокситриптамин). Цель исследования. Провести анализ научных исследований, подтверждающих ключевую роль микробных катаболитов триптофана на функции макроорганизма. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ 47 англоязычных источников литературы, содержащих информацию об эффектах метаболитов триптофана на организм млекопитающих. Результаты. Установлено, что метаболизм триптофана играет центральную роль как в нормальном макроорганизме, так и при патологических состояниях, прямо или косвенно контролируется микробиотой кишечника. Выводы. Таким образом, метаболизм триптофана представляет собой важнейшую терапевтическую мишень, которая недостаточно используется для коррекции ряда хронических неврологических патологий и иммунокомпетентных состояний. Важный фактор – использование микроорганизмами нутрицевтиков и пробиотиков, модулирующих метаболизм триптофана в кишечнике и стимулирующих синтез специфических метаболитов.
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