МИКРО-РНК КАК ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ НЕИНВАЗИВНЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ ПЕЧЕНИ
Аннотация
Состояние клетки (и организма в целом) определяется не только генотипом, но и соотношением работающих и выключенных генов. Эпигенетическая регуляция экспрессии генов играет ключевую роль в контроле многих клеточных процессов. Важные молекулы такой регуляции – микроРНК, которые участвуют в посттранскрипционном выключении около половины генов человека. Аномальная экспрессия микроРНК, приводящая к изменению их концентрации, может способствовать развитию многих патофизиологических процессов, болезней, включая рак. Следовательно, микроРНК могут выступать в качестве биомаркеров для выявления разных видов заболеваний. В мини-обзоре представлены биогенез, субклеточная и экзосомальная локализация микроРНК и механизмы, с помощью которых они регулируют транскрипцию и клеточный гомеостаз.
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