AMOEBIASIS IN THE GRODNO REGION: IMPORTED OR ENDEMIC INFECTION?
Abstract
Background. Amoebiasis as imported cases has rarely been reported in the Grodno region, the most recent being identified in 1999.
Objective. To provide a brief overview of the clinical characteristics of amoebiasis and examples of amoebic lesions of the liver, lungs, intestines and soft tissues diagnosed in four residents of the Grodno region from January 2021 to April 2022.
Material and Methods. The analysis of the case histories of 4 patients who were hospitalized at the Grodno University Clinic (GUK) in 2021-2022 was performed.
Results. It was for the first time in the Grodno region that 4 cases of chronic asymptomatic amoebiasis were etiologically diagnosed over the period of 1.5 years. The cases were confirmed by the isolation of vegetative forms of amoebas and various epitopes (intestines, liver, lungs, tissues). The presented examples are typical (classic) according to their clinical, laboratory, imaging, parasitoscopy and morphological data and have 100% match with the data given in the literature. According to epidemiological data one patient is believed to have been infected in Egypt 3 years ago. The remaining three patients have not recently left the country.
Conclusions. The recorded "outbreak" of an invasive form of amebiasis in the Grodno region may be due to a rapid climate change as well as the creation of optimal conditions for amoebas to parasitize in the external environment (soil, water).
The reduction in the general resistance of the population due to the exposure to prolonged immunosuppressive action of COVID-19 over recent years can be regarded as one more cause of the "outbreak". To improve the diagnosis of amebiasis in the form of focal lesions of various organs or intestinal forms it is necessary to conduct epidemiological measures and clinical studies aimed at establishing the influence of external factors on the transmission of infection, as well as to provide health education to the population.
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